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Many different languages are spoken across Exandria. Common is the most widely spoken among humanoids, though most races have a language associated with their people and some geographical locations have regional languages.

Many creatures understand spoken language but do not speak themselves, and others like kenku speak only through mimicry. Magic, such as the Comprehend Languages or Tongues spells, can be used to understand languages that one does not otherwise know.

From a gameplay perspective, Exandrian languages sometimes reference real-world languages but do not have direct equivalents. Zemnian, spoken by Liam O'Brien's character Caleb Widogast, uses German as a reference language, though Matthew Mercer did not consider them equivalent.[1]

At least one form of sign language is known to exist in Uthodurn, Wildemount, with Deilin being the only known user, and Umagorn Smeltborne being probably able to understand it.[2] Sign language is also present in Vasselheim, and Timpani Guff has some basic knowledge of it.[3]


Aarakocra[]

Aarakocra speak their own language, which is also called Aarakocra.

Aarakocra glossary[]

h'aara-shie
cloud chasing, a sport played by aarakocra tribes in Wildemount reflecting the legend that their people were created by Melora to herd storm clouds across the sky[4]

Abyssal[]

Abyssal tome - Olivia Samson

Official art of a tome with Abyssal script on the cover, by Olivia Samson from Vox Machina Origins II 2.[art 1]

Abyssal is the language of demonic creatures. It is also apparently spoken commonly enough in Rosohna that signage for an inn included an Abyssal translation alongside Common and Undercommon.[5] Of the player characters, known speakers include Vax'ildan,[6] Vex'ahlia,[7] and Yasha Nydoorin.[8]

For a sense of the sound of Abyssal, short phrases can be heard in "Vorugal" (1x71) at 2:25:20 and at 2:45:39, in "Aid of the Tempest" (3x66) at 4:12:00, and in "Bloody Flowers" (3x67) at 1:39:32, 1:40:41, and 2:41:10.

Abyssal script is described as being composed of glyphs with very sharp edges, having similar elements to Celestial, but "a bit twisted and reversed."[9]

Aeorian[]

The people of Aeor did not speak Common; they spoke an archaic form of Draconic that is only mutually intelligible for Draconic speakers of 836 PD when either side speaks slowly.[10] The language of Aeor references real-world Latin; sparse available vocabulary and the names of Aeorian locations and people—such as the Immensus Gate, the known wards of the city, and the Somnovem—are derived from Latin.[11][12][13]

For a sense of the sound of Aeorian, it can be heard in "Escape From The Past" (3x58) at 3:07:49. Fresh Cut Grass and F.R.I.D.A. were able to understand it.

Aeorian glossary[]

Factorum Malleus
Creator Hammer, name of an experimental research project that was being conducted in Aeor[14]

Celestial[]

Celestial is a language spoken mainly by celestials and aasimar. Celestial poetry rhymes even when translated into any language.[15] Of the player characters, known speakers include Percival de Rolo,[16] Caleb Widogast,[17] and Yasha Nydoorin.[18]

Celestial glossary[]

lux
first light[19]

Common[]

Common is the most widespread language in Exandria and the primary language of humans. Although it is associated with humans in Wildemount and spoken throughout the continent, it is not the language most human cultures spoke before the Dwendalian Empire came to power. It supplanted Zemnian as the vernacular language in the Zemni Fields.[20]

Through their dreams, Ruidians have learned Common and use it in their daily lives. Their written language is also based in Common, although oddly carved, and broken with other Exandrian languages.[21]

Deep Speech[]

Deep Speech is the language of aberrations, such as mind flayers and beholders. Of the player characters, known speakers include Beauregard Lionett [22] and Fearne Calloway. [23]

For a sense of the sound of Deep Speech, Otis Brunkel says grace in Deep Speech in "Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained" (2x122) at 2:24:12.

Draconic[]

Draconic is the language of dragons and is also spoken by dragonborn and kobolds. The early basis of magical runes and a lot of arcane magic is a deviation of Draconic. The earliest, base Draconic runes are more powerful.[24][25] Of the player characters, known speakers include Taryon Darrington,[26] Tiberius Stormwind,[27] and Vex'ahlia.[28] Fresh Cut Grass and FRIDA's understanding of Aeorian[29] should allow them to converse with Draconic speakers, if only slowly.[10]

For a sense of the sound of Draconic, short phrases can be heard in "Trust" (1x70) at 3:40:11 and in "Vorugal" (1x71) at 26:13 and at 28:24.

Draconic glossary[]

amancia
to wield through will alone, adapted over the centuries into a modern suffix of magical schools including "dunamancy"[30]
charis
hope, hence the name of the village in the Lotusden Greenwood[31]
dranas
gathering, the noun in the sense of a meeting or assembly, as in the names of the cities Ghor Dranas (gathering of shadows)[32] and Nicodranas (gathering of colors)[33]
ghor
shadow or shadows[32][34]
huc-toh[spelling?]
archaic word for candle[35]
nico
color or colors[33]
veles
vault[34]
xarzith kitril
ice born, the name of a dragonborn city in Xhorhas[36]

Druidic[]

Druidic is the private language of druids. Of the player characters, known speakers include Keyleth[37] and Fearne Calloway,[38] and presumably Vax'ildan.

The druidic Ashari tribes also communicate using a series of manual gestures, which vary by region but can be understood across the communities; it is unclear if these are part of a signed language or are hand signals. Orym is familiar with a form of this communication.[39]

Dwarvish[]

Dwarvish is the language of the dwarves. Of the player characters, known speakers include Grog Strongjaw (while wearing the Belt of Dwarvenkind),[40] Pike Trickfoot,[41] Tiberius Stormwind,[42] and Beauregard Lionett.[43]

For a sense of the sound of Dwarvish, Dariax Zaveon swears in Dwarvish in "What Comes Next" (E1x08) at 43:32.

Dwarvish[]

gurdhe
hill, colloquially "beyond the mountains" in most dialects[44]
gurdheledr
hill travelers; by 836 PD, it has come to also mean "mercenary" or "bounty hunter" due to common association with the dwarves traveling throughout the Dividing Plains[45]
rudraz
a binding promise made between two people to repay a deed or something traded; though not a formal contract, dwarves in Tal'Dorei (particularly in Emon) believe that breaking such an oath will not allow them to pass into the afterlife; humans in Emon use this promise for less weighty matters in business or politics, but the social repercussions of breaking it remain serious[46]
Uthodurn
roughly "the new under salvation," the name of a dwarf-founded city in the Greying Wildlands[47]

Elvish[]

Elvish is the language of the elves and is also spoken by most half-elves. Elvish is related to Sylvan[48] and shares a common linguistic ancestor with Orcish.[49] Of the player characters, known speakers include Keyleth, Percival de Rolo,[50] Vax'ildan,[6] Vex'ahlia,[51] Caduceus Clay,[52] and Beauregard Lionett.[53]

Elvish glossary[]

alfen
elves, such as in syn'alfen, lyren'alfen, and myrk'alfen[54]
benot (phonetic)
"Do not move."[55]
demora
a command word used to animate a griffon construct[56]
dura
tribal master[57]
Dwueth'var
Star Razor, the name of the Vestige of Divergence Dwueth'var,[58] arguably possible the translation is somewhat poetic, i.e. "razor" in Common for "blade" in Elvish
fajar
a word used to command Caleb's driftglobe to cast Daylight;[59][60] from an Indonesian word for "dawn"[61]
Fenthras
ancient Elvish word with no direct translation but related to the words "protector" and "growth", name of the Vestige of Divergence Fenthras[62]
gorn
likely "city" or another word for a settlement, from suffixes in the names of the elven cities Lyrengorn and Syngorn, which share roots with lyren'alfen and syn'alfen[63]
gwes'alfen
elves of the Gwessar[64]
Gwessar
Fields of Joy, Elvish name for the Tal'Dorei continent[65]
halya
shrouds[66]
ira'fallai
Elvish name for the Skyneedle temple in the Daggerbay Mountains[67]
Ivae'ess
Lightbringer, the name given to Reani's anonymous vigilante persona in Uthodurn[68]
loren'alsi
Elvish name for the Daggerbay Mountains[69]
lyren'alfen
high elves, the name for the elves of Lyrengorn;[70] possibly literally "mountain elves" per the literal name of Lyrengorn
lyren'gorn
mountain city, hence the name of the city Lyrengorn;[71] the similarity to loren'alsi suggests loren and lyren are variations on mountain terms
myrk
dark, as in myrk'alfen for dark elves[54]
myrk'alfen
dark elves, name for dark elves both in Tal'Dorei and Wildemount[54]
orfindes
term for outsiders from the north among the Orroyen tribes living in the Rifenmist Jungle[57]
othlir
ill-born, a derogatory term for half-elves[72]
pravenier
the kaleidoscopic tapestry[73]
savalir
guilt[74]
sinaeth
forgive[75]
syn
likely "wood", as in syn'alfen for wood elves[76]
syn'alfen
wood elves, the name for the elves of Syngorn, the Orroyen Tribes, and others in the Verdant Expanse[76]
talan
rough[66]
tawhaj
a word used to command Caleb's driftglobe to cast Light;[77][78] based on an Arabic word meaning "to glow" or "to flare"[79]
thirai kala[spelling?] ignus
Elvish translation of the verbal components for the Scorching Ray spell (cast by Idrin Shadowstep)[80]
thirai toira[spelling?]
Elvish translation of the verbal components for the Fireball spell (cast by Idrin Shadowstep)[81]
tomenda
resting point[57]
veloum
ancient Elvish verb for "to give everything", the Common "volunteer" is derived from it[82]

Galapa[]

The Galapa tongue is spoken among tortles in the Shattered Teeth, where they are called galapas.[83]

Galapa glossary[]

Drobanagos
home of the Dreamer[84]

Giant[]

Giant is the language spoken by giants and goliaths. Of the player characters, known speakers include Grog Strongjaw[85] and Caduceus Clay.[86]

For a sense of the sound of Giant, frost giants can be heard using the language in "Trial of the Take: Part 1" (1x18) at 2:40:32 and in "By Goat or By Boat" (3x56) at 35:06.

Giant glossary[]

braan
belly, hence the name of the cavern home of a clan of stone giants in Xhorhas[87]
cluk [click]
thank you, said as the vocalization cluk followed by a tongue click[88]
droonga
respect[89]

Gnomish[]

Gnomish is the language of gnomes. Of the player characters, known speakers include Pike Trickfoot,[90] Scanlan Shorthalt,[91] Taryon Darrington,[92] and Chetney Pock O'Pea.[presumed]

Goblin[]

The Goblin language is mainly spoken by goblins and goblinkin. Of the player characters, known speakers include Veth Brenatto.[93]

Goblin glossary[]

an-Melzidanye
regional name for Melora in the Lushgut Forest[94]
drohurror
terrorfolk, word for the Righteous Brand among the goblinkin of the Dwendalian Empire[95]
kinespaji
horizonback tortoise[96]
spaaldl
presumably a type of soup; kinespaji spaaldl is a soup made with horizonback tortoise saliva and mushrooms or vegetables[97]

Halfling[]

Halflings speak their own language, which is also called Halfling. Of the player characters, known speakers include Beauregard Lionett,[98] Veth Brenatto,[98] and Orym.[99]

Infernal[]

Infernal is the language spoken by devils and tieflings. Of the player characters, known speakers include Jester Lavorre, Mollymauk Tealeaf, and Fearne Calloway.[100]

There are older dialects of the Infernal language that are comprehensible for those who speak the modern version.[101]

For a sense of the sound of Infernal, a bone devil speaks the language in "Vox Machina Go to Hell" (1x91) at 2:01:43 and a bartender in the City of Dis speaks it in the same episode around 2:37:25. Another bone devil speaks Infernal in "Bats Out of Hell" (1x93) at 2:20:30, and a chain devil shouts something at 3:13:02.

Infernal glossary[]

ermahgerd
no[102]
k'nauth
puppet;[103] plural is apparently "k'nauthi"[104]
kuthók[spelling?]
greeting[105]
kuthrek
farewell (usually said in a forceful manner)[106] or thank you[107]
šašek
jester[108] from the Czech word meaning the same
virkwzual
Dark Bastion, the name of a now-ruined citadel that the Lucid Bastion was built over[32]
yai
yes[109]

Marquesian[]

Marquesian is a language spoken in Marquet. Due to historical Marquesian colonization of the Menagerie Coast, it is also spoken throughout the region and the Clovis Concord. There, it is simultaneously considered a language of the elite, who are often descended from Marquesians, and of piracy, as the Revelry was formed by lower-class Marquesians defecting from the Concord.[20] Of the player characters, known speakers include Scanlan Shorthalt,[110] Ashton Greymoore,[111] Dorian Storm,[112] Imogen Temult,[112] and Fresh Cut Grass.[113]

For a sense of the sound of Marquesian, there are several samples:

Marquesian glossary[]

a
of, may appear as a standalone word as in the game Quon a Drensal (Run of Luck)[114] or be attached to a previous word as in the ship Drensala Vis (Luck of the Mother)[115]
Ank'Harel
Jewel of Hope in a northern dialect[116] and a city of the same name located in the Rumedam Desert
drensal
luck[115]
quon
run, the noun in the sense of a continuous period of something, as in the game Quon a Drensal (Run of Luck)[114] or the Marquesian name of the casino Luck's Run (Drensala Quon)[117]
Serataani
local name for the Wildmother[118]
vis
mother[115]

The name "Heera" is Marquesian in origin.[119]

Minotaur[]

While the more monstrous of them speak Abyssal, like their demonic master Baphomet, humanoid minotaurs speak their own language, which is also called Minotaur. Sir Betrand Bell spoke Minotaur.[120]

Naush[]

Naush is the language spoken by the Ki'Nau people native to the Menagerie Coast. Although it was replaced by Common as the vernacular language, it continues to thrive in the region and its multicultural cities. Many Naush words have become a regular part of sailing vernacular, even among sailors who speak only Common.[20]

Naush glossary[]

Ki'Nau
the Water Children[121]
Sepesca
Nature's End, the name of a now-ruined holy burial site where Ki'Nau kings and priests were interred[122]

Orc[]

Orc, sometimes called Orcish,[123][124][125] is a language spoken by orcs and half-orcs. Orc shares a common linguistic ancestor with Elvish.[49] Of the player characters, known speakers include Fjord.[126]

For a sense of the sound of Orcish, short phrases are shouted in "Trial of the Take: Part 1" (1x18) at 2:08:21 and in "A Name Is Earned" (1x49) at 58:45 and at 1:18:35.

Orc glossary[]

hgar'Gruum
the curse of ruin, referring to a violent and bloodlusting fury falsely believed to afflict orcs and half-orcs due to legendary association with Gruumsh, the Ruiner, but it is broadly applied to any anger ranging from rage in battle to bad tempers;[127] the root in Gruumsh suggests hgar means "curse" and Gruum is likely less the colloquial word for "ruin" and more a signifier for Gruumsh
Jez-Araz
Breakers of Spirits, the name of an orcish people in the Rime Plains[128]

Primordial[]

Primordial is a language spoken by elemental creatures, and it has dialects associated with each element: Aquan (water), Auran (air), Ignan (fire), and Terran (earth).[129] Fluency in Primordial allows one to communicate in all of its dialects.[130] Of the player characters, known speakers include Keyleth,[131] Dorian Storm,[132] and Ashton Greymoore,[133] although Ashton could not understand the Terran spoken by magma mephits within Athos Peak.[134]

Primordial glossary[]

fy'ra
fire[135]
kai
warrior[135]
rai
trust[135]

Qoniiran[]

Qoniiran is the geographical language of Niirdal-Poc. It is unknown if it has a verbal component, or if it is solely a writing system. The writing system is a logo-syllabary.[136]

Shadow Cant[]

Shadow Cant seems to be a form of spoken communication known by certain individuals connected with shadow magic, such as Laudna and Evithorir.[137] It also seems to allow communication with undead entities, as long as they are intelligent enough.[138][139]

Sylvan[]

Sylvan is the primary language of fey creatures. It is related to Elvish.[140] Of the player characters, known speakers include Keyleth,[141] Taryon Darrington,[142] Caleb Widogast,[143] Caduceus Clay,[144] and Fearne Calloway.[145]

The ancient version of this language is used by the fey to express things of great importance, including philosophies or enchantments on objects.[146]

Thieves' Cant[]

Thieves' Cant is a form of communication used among thieving communities that uses coded language to hide messages in what appears to others as normal conversation.[147] It is largely a spoken language, though it also has a written form that can be used as a ciphers in addition to other written communication.[148][149][150] There is a form of it in at least Tal'Dorei that can be communicated through in a manner similar to morse code.[151] To those who do not understand Thieves' Cant, it sounds like gibberish, double talk, and nonsense.[152] Of the player characters, known speakers include Veth Brenatto,[153] Beauregard Lionett,[154] Vax'ildan,[152] Vex'ahlia,[152] and Fearne Calloway. [155]

Undercommon[]

Undercommon is a language spoken by creatures of the Underdark, including the drow. Of the player characters, known speakers include Pike Trickfoot,[156] Taryon Darrington,[157] Vex'ahlia,[158] Beauregard Lionett,[159] Laudna,[160] and Prism Grimpoppy.[161]

Undercommon was once described as sounding guttural and deep, like Black Speech from the Tolkien universe.[162] For a sense of the sound of Undercommon, phrases can be heard from:

For a sense of the appearance of the script, several words written on the in-game map of Xhorhas are written in Undercommon.[163]

Undercommon glossary[]

Rosohna
Rebirth, the name of the capital of the Kryn Dynasty[164]
Thuron
blessed second-born, a given name as in the echo knight Thuron[165]
Vin-Radethak
the Everstorm, the name of a ship in the Dynasty fleet[166]

Ywan[]

Ywan is the base language of the Ossended Host.[167] Ywan is mechanically referred to using Japanese due to 10th-century Japanese fishing villages being the inspiration behind the Host.[168]

For a sense of the sound of Ywan, words and phrases can be heard in "Roots Between Worlds" (3x74) at 1:53:07, 1:54:25, and 2:18:09.

Zemnian[]

Zemnian is a language spoken in the Zemni Fields in the Dwendalian Empire. It is an ancient language spoken as the vernacular language of Zemniaz during the Age of Arcanum. Though it persists after the fall of Zemniaz, it was ultimately replaced as the vernacular by Common and became commonly spoken only among rural farming communities.[20] Zemnian is mechanically referred to using German due to Liam O'Brien's love of German, though Matthew Mercer stated they are not equivalent to one another.[1] Of the player characters, known speakers include Caleb Widogast.[169]

Unknown[]

attalwen
two-hearted, Uthodurnian word for dwarvish-elvish children, either Dwarvish or Elvish[170]
Viduun-Devaar
the Windowed Wall, a neighborhood in Jrusar,[171][172] likely Marquesian

References[]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Twitter logo Matthew Mercer (@matthewmercer) on Twitter: "Zemnian has no specific language equivalent, but since Liam wanted to use his love of German for Caleb, it became a narrative reference/tool. The many other languages of Exandria (Elvish, Dwarvish, Marquesian) can have references, but do not really have any direct equivalents." (2021-11-12) — in reply to @wokenhardies: "@matthewmercer ooh im so worried about this but; multiple characters mention speaking marquesian in this episode. we know zemnian was equivalent to german, what language is marquesian equivalent to?"
  2. See "Uthodurn" (2x73) at 3:51:39.
  3. See "The Voiceless Village" (RTx04).
  4. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 165. Chapter 4: Character Options. "Aarakocra".
  5. See "In Love and War" (2x57) at 2:29:45.  This is strange, because Rosohna has a significant population of tieflings, who would speak Infernal, the other major language of fiends.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Liam O'Brien shared Vax'ildan's level 13 character sheet from 2016-03-17 on Twitter.
  7. See "Strange Bedfellows" (1x03) at 0:35:56.
  8. See "Duplicity" (2x55) from 0:51:50 through 0:52:08.
  9. See "CelebriD&D with Joe Manganiello" from 12:35 through 14:46.
  10. 10.0 10.1 See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 249.
  11. Note that none of the Mighty Nein speak Draconic.  See "Aeor" (2x132) at 3:22:56.
  12. See "The Streets of the Forgotten" (2x134) at 1:03:57.
  13. See "The Genesis Ward" (2x135) at 1:09:46.
  14. See "The Genesis Ward" (2x135) at 2:16:44.
  15. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting, p. 74.
  16. See "A Name Is Earned" (1x49) at 2:33:03.
  17. See "A Show of Scrutiny" (2x02) at 02:45:59.
  18. See "The Gentleman's Path" (2x19) at 03:20:21.
  19. See "A Name Is Earned" (1x49) at 3:52:34.  It's possible this is a translation of the actual Celestial word. Taliesin Jaffe says that Percy uses the Celestial equivalent of the Latin word "lux" (meaning "light"), and Matthew Mercer acts it out, using the word "Lux" but with a singing tone to indicate the sound of Celestial.
  20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 9. Welcome to Wildemount. "Languages".
  21. See "Arrival at Kreviris" (3x87) at 3:40:10.
  22. See "Clay and Dust" (2x72) from 1:58:28 through 1:58:38.  Marisha mentions that Beau can speak and read Deep Speech.
  23. See "An Ancient Flame" (3x75) at 1:17:31.
  24. See "Duskmeadow" (1x57) at 50:36.
  25. See "Dubious Pursuits" (2x40) at 33:20.
  26. See "Family Matters" (1x96) at 3:34:35.
  27. See "Trial of the Take: Part 3" (1x20) at 1:47:11.
  28. See "Strange Bedfellows" (1x03) at 0:35:56.
  29. See "Escape From The Past" (3x58) at 3:07:49.
  30. Twitter logo Matthew Mercer (@matthewmercer) on Twitter: ""-mancy" in Exandria is based on the Exandrian draconic phrase "Amancia", which means "to wield through will alone". Its been adapted into magical studies over the many centuries to the more modern suffix." (2021-12-08).
  31. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 136.
  32. 32.0 32.1 32.2 See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 142. Chapter 3: Wildemount Gazetteer. "Rosohna (Ghor Dranas)".
  33. 33.0 33.1 See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 67. Chapter 3: Wildemount Gazetteer. "Nicodranas".
  34. 34.0 34.1 See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 154. Chapter 3: Wildemount Gazetteer. "Ghor Veles".
  35. See "The Family Business" (1x47) at 0:40:27Laura Bailey invented the word ad hoc, making a sound like hacking spit. As such, the spelling of the word is unknown.
  36. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 148. Chapter 3: Wildemount Gazetteer. "Xarzith Kitril". What little is known of Draconic grammar suggests that xarzith may specifically mean "born" and kitril means "ice", though evidence is lacking.
  37. See "Into the Frostweald" (1x48) at 2:15:16.
  38. "Druidic" is a 1st-level druid class feature. See D&D: Player's Handbook, 5th ed., p. 66. Chapter 3: Classes. "Druid".
  39. See "The Oh No Plateau" (E1x02) at 2:39:50.
  40. See "Skyward" (1x15) from 0:10:30 through 0:15:00.
  41. See "Arrival at Kraghammer" (1x01) at 0:21:00.
  42. See "Arrival at Kraghammer" (1x01) at 0:21:08.
  43. Beau is able to read the inscriptions inside the Cinderrest Sanctum.  See "Clay and Dust" (2x72) at 1:58:15.
  44. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting Reborn, p. 152.
  45. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting Reborn, p. 153.
  46. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting, p. 89.
  47. See "Uthodurn" (2x73) at 3:02:33.
  48. See "The Coming Storm" (1x73) at 2:55:38.  Matt describes Sylvan as "close enough to Elvish" that Elvish speakers can understand some of it. See also "Between a Ball and a Hot Place" (2x129) at 0:37:02 where Matt says that a language is "an older form of Elvish or Sylvan".
  49. 49.0 49.1 See Call of the Netherdeep, p. 129. Chapter 5: The Drowned City. "Cael Morrow Locations (M1-M8): M6: Sunken Tavern". "Olara speaks an ancient dialect that formed the basis for both Elvish and Orc, and any character who speaks and understands either of those languages can converse with her."
  50. See "Dangerous Dealings" (1x42) at 0:35:43.
  51. See "A Name Is Earned" (1x49) at 2:55:15.
  52. See "Beyond the Boundaries" (2x32) at 2:11:29.
  53. Beau reads a gravestone written in Elvish.  See "Within the Nest" (2x28) at 51:35.
  54. 54.0 54.1 54.2 See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting Reborn, pp. 155–156.
  55. See "Night at the Ligament Manor" (3x46) at 3:30:32.
  56. See "A Dark Balance" (3x38) at 3:17:57.
  57. 57.0 57.1 57.2 See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting, p. 78.
  58. See "Causatum" (2x70) from 1:25:49 through 1:26:48.  Spelling of the Common translation clarified per Twitter logo Matthew Mercer (@matthewmercer) on Twitter: "Star Razor. :)" (2019-08-24).
  59. See "The Second Seal" (2x47) from 3:06:20 through 3:07:19.
  60. See "The Streets of the Forgotten" (2x134) at 01:06:53.  Veth attempts to use the driftglobe, resulting in clarifying the commands.
  61. fajar. Cambridge Indonesian-English Dictionary.
  62. See "The Echo Tree" (1x63) at 1:16:47.
  63. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting Reborn, p. 155.
  64. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting Reborn, p. 154.
  65. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting, p. 8.
  66. 66.0 66.1 See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 97. Chapter 3: Wildemount Gazetteer. "Bysaes Tyl".
  67. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting, p. 132.
  68. See "Manifold Morals" (2x74) at 1:25:30.
  69. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting Reborn, p. 130. This is given as loren'al in Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting, p. 86.
  70. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting Reborn, p. 102.
  71. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting, p. 68.
  72. See Vox Machina Origins Series I, Issue #1.
  73. See "Collecting Legends" (3x105) at 0:20:12.
  74. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 116. Chapter 3: Wildemount Gazetteer. "Savalirwood".
  75. See "The Elephant in the Room" (1x72) at 3:00:37.
  76. 76.0 76.1 See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting Reborn, p. 17.
  77. See "The Second Seal" (2x47) from 3:06:20 through 3:07:19.
  78. See "The Streets of the Forgotten" (2x134) at 01:06:53.  Veth attempts to use the driftglobe, resulting in clarifying the commands.
  79. Google Translate: توهج (Arabic) to English
  80. See "The Carnivorous Cube" (RTx01).
  81. See "The Rotten Soldiers" (RTx11).
  82. See "The Search For Grog" (Sx42) at 1:05:45.
  83. See "Choose Their Adventure...Again!" (Sx81) at 0:02:08.
  84. See "Choose Their Adventure...Again!" (Sx81) at 0:02:20.
  85. See "Trial of the Take: Part 1" (1x18) at 2:40:35.
  86. Taliesin lists off all the languages Caduceus knows, which includes Giant.  See "Beyond the Boundaries" (2x32) at 2:11:29.
  87. See "A Turtle By Any Other Name" (2x60) at 3:05:40.
  88. See "Agreements" (2x61) at 0:17:59.
  89. See "Agreements" (2x61) at 0:48:35.
  90. Gnomes have default racial languages. See D&D: Player's Handbook, 5th ed., p. 37. Chapter 2: Races. "Gnomes".
  91. See "A Name Is Earned" (1x49) at 2:32:53.
  92. See "One Year Later..." (1x95) at 2:56:12.
  93. See "The Gentleman's Path" (2x19) at 2:38:21.
  94. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 67. Chapter 3: Wildemount Gazetteer. "Lushgut Forest".
  95. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 173. Chapter 4: Character Options. "Goblinkin in the Dwendalian Empire".
  96. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 292. Chapter 7: Wildemount Bestiary. "Horizonback Tortoise".
  97. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 198.
  98. 98.0 98.1 See "Curious Beginnings" (2x01) at 39:59.
  99. See from E1x01 through 2:33:19.
  100. See "The Nameless Ones" (E1x01) at 2:38:09.
  101. See "The Masked Man" (RT2x02).
  102. See "Vox Machina Go to Hell" (1x91) at 1:05:52.
  103. See "Bitterness and Dread" (E3x02) at 1:52:04.
  104. See "Blood and Shadow" (E3x03) at 1:17:54.
  105. See "Vox Machina Go to Hell" (1x91) at 1:03:54.
  106. See "Vox Machina Go to Hell" (1x91) at 1:04:26.
  107. See "Vox Machina Go to Hell" (1x91) at 1:07:45.
  108. See The Mighty Nein Origins: Jester Lavorre
  109. See "Vox Machina Go to Hell" (1x91) at 1:05:52.
  110. See "Unfinished Business" (1x100) at 0:36:18.
  111. See "Trial by Firelight" (3x02) at 1:49:56.
  112. 112.0 112.1 See "On the Trail of a Killer" (3x04) at 3:35:40.
  113. See "The Threat Between the Walls" (3x05) at 1:45:02.
  114. 114.0 114.1 See "A Traveler's Gamble" (1x66) at 2:09:07.
  115. 115.0 115.1 115.2 See "Daring Days" (1x86) at 3:40:39.
  116. See Call of the Netherdeep, p. 80. Chapter 4: The Jewel of Hope. "Ank'Harel Gazetteer".
  117. See "A Traveler's Gamble" (1x66) at 2:06:04.
  118. See "Compulsions" (3x40) at 3:33:45.
  119. See "The Monster in the Mirror" (RTx07).
  120. See "The Search For Bob" (Sx45) at 2:07:19.
  121. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 19. Chapter 1: Story of Wildemount. "The Menagerie Coast".
  122. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 75. Chapter 3: Wildemount Gazetteer. "Ruins of Sepesca".
  123. See "Trial of the Take: Part 1" (1x18) at 2:08:10.
  124. See "A Name Is Earned" (1x49) at 0:23:12.
  125. See "Between a Ball and a Hot Place" (2x129) at 0:36:29.
  126. See "A Dangerous Chase" (2x64) at 0:43:10.
  127. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 177-178. Chapter 4: Character Options. "Orcs and Half-Orcs".
  128. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 115. Chapter 3: Wildemount Gazetteer. "Rime Plains".
  129. See D&D: Player's Handbook, 5th ed., p. 123. Chapter 4: Personality and Background. "Languages".
  130. See D&D: Xanathar's Guide to Everything, 5th ed., p. 52. Chapter 1: Character Options. "Storm Sorcery".
  131. See "Into the Frostweald" (1x48) from 2:15:00 through 2:15:13.
  132. See "The Nameless Ones" (E1x01) at 2:38:03.
  133. See "Crisis of Faith" (3x61) at 1:03:40.
  134. See "An Ancient Flame" (3x75) at 1:37:13.
  135. 135.0 135.1 135.2 See "Broken Roads" (3x92) at 3:45:39.
  136. See "Beyond the Heart City" (E1x07) at 1:35:05.
  137. See "A Haunted Past" (3x63) at 1:25:35.
  138. See "Phantasmal Parley" (3x72) at 1:07:54.
  139. See "The Promise and the Price" (3x77) at 0:57:08.  Although Laudna attempted Shadow Cant, it was unclear if the specter understood or not.
  140. See "The Coming Storm" (1x73) at 2:55:38.  Matt describes Sylvan as "close enough to Elvish" that Elvish speakers can understand some of it. See also "Between a Ball and a Hot Place" (2x129) at 0:37:02 where Matt says that a language is "an older form of Elvish or Sylvan".
  141. See "One Year Later..." (1x95) at 44:02.
  142. See "One Year Later..." (1x95) at 44:02.
  143. See 1x117 at 2:45:44.
  144. See "Beyond the Boundaries" (2x32) at 2:11:29.
  145. See "The Nameless Ones" (E1x01) at 2:38:09.
  146. See "Dark Portents" (3x29) at 1:45:25.
  147. See D&D: Player's Handbook, 5th ed., pp. 95–96. Chapter 3: Classes. "Rogue".
  148. See "A Musician's Nostalgia" (1x37) at 4:16:18.
  149. See "Dangerous Dealings" (1x42) at 2:33:52.
  150. See "Waste and Webs" (2x10) at 3:02:50.
  151. See "The Siege of Emon" (1x78) at 3:29:45.
  152. 152.0 152.1 152.2 See "In Ruins" (1x41) at 0:58:24.
  153. See "Waste and Webs" (2x10) at 2:55:29.
  154. See "Under Timeless Ice" (2x116) at 0:23:27.
  155. See "An Ancient Flame" (3x75) at 1:17:31.
  156. See "The Temple Showdown" (1x11) at 1:07:54.
  157. See "One Year Later..." (1x95) at 3:31:23.
  158. See "Into the Greyspine Mines" (1x02) at 2:49:06.
  159. See "Between a Ball and a Hot Place" (2x129) at 36:31.
  160. See "A Long Walk of Reflection" (3x62) at 1:27:30.
  161. See "A Long Walk of Reflection" (3x62) at 1:27:41.
  162. See "The Trick about Falling" (1x05) at 22:33.
  163. See "A Dangerous Chase" (2x64) at 43:04.
  164. This is in the tongue of the drow who founded the city. Undercommon is established in-campaign as the vernacular language of Rosohna in the 800s PD, though it's possible this word could be Elvish. See See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 142. Chapter 3: Wildemount Gazetteer. "Rosohna (Ghor Dranas)".
  165. See "Lost & Found" (2x13) at 1:03:24.
  166. See "High Seas, High Stakes" (2x99) at 3:00:23.
  167. See "Roots Between Worlds" (3x74) at 0:23:34.
  168. See Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting, p. 99.
  169. See "A Show of Scrutiny" (2x02) from 1:55:13 through 1:55:54.
  170. See Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, p. 120.
  171. See "The Draw of Destiny" (3x01) at 1:36:41.
  172. See "Growing Bonds and Teasing Threads" (3x06) at 2:55:13.

Art:

  1. Official art of a tome with Abyssal script on the cover, by Olivia Samson from Vox Machina Origins II 2. Used with permission.
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